The English verb BE has two translations in Spanish: SER and ESTAR. Not sure which one to use? Read on and find out how to tell the difference.
SER
The easiest way is to think that the verb
SER is used when we need to describe some permanent or longlasting characteristics of something or someone. The list below isn't exhausting, but it gives you an idea:
1. Race, nationality, gender, sexual preferences:
Soy estadounidense (I'm American)
Soy gay (I'm gay)
2. Profession, social status:
Soy ingenero (I'm an engeneer)
Soy la mujer de Diego (I'm Diego's wife)
Soy un padre soltero (I'm a single father)
3. Physical characteristics of people and things:
Soy alto (I'm tall)
Mi casa es pequeña (My house is small)
La silla es de madera (The chair is made of wood)
4. Other permanent characteristics:
Es inteligente (S/he's smart)
Es tranquilo (S/he's calm)
ESTAR
Estar, on the contrary, is most oftenly used to describe something temporary.
1. States:
Estoy cansado (I'm tired)
Estoy enfermo (I'm ill)
2. Feelings and emotions:
Estoy enamorado (I'm in love)
Estoy aburrido (I'm bored)
Estoy nervioso (I'm nervous)
3. Other temporary characteristics:
El semáforo esta verde (The traffic light is green - not forever, just temporary)
Estás muy guapa (You look beutiful - now)
BE AWARE! It's often possible to create two sentences, identical, besides the VERB, and they will have two different meanings.
a. Es muy tranquilo (He's calm = He's a calm person, it's his permanent trait)
b. Está muy tranquilo (He's calm = not a trate, but a state)
a. Eres muy guapa (You're very beutiful, always)
b. Estás muy guapa (You look very beautiful, today or now)
Now, when we're done with descriptions, let's look at some other uses of SER and ESTAR
SER is used
1. To tell days and time:
Hoy es lunes (Today it's Monday)
Son las 11:30 (It's 11:30)
2. To talk about prices:
Dos cervezas son tres euros (Two bears are three euros)
3. To tell quantities:
Somos tres (There're three of us)
ESTAR is used
1. To tell location, both temporary and permanent:
Estoy en casa (I'm home)
Sagrada Familia está en Barcelona (Sagrada Familia is in Barcelona)
2. To tell the date and time of the events:
El concierto está el 30 de Julio (The concert is on July, 30th)
Next time we're goning to talk about more advanced uses of SER and ESTAR, such as idiomatic expressions and passive voice. Stay tuned :)